{"id":3103,"date":"2024-01-02T15:04:40","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T15:04:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kleontas.com\/?page_id=3103"},"modified":"2024-05-21T12:38:14","modified_gmt":"2024-05-21T11:38:14","slug":"%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%81%ce%b9%ce%bd%ce%bf%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%bd%ce%bf","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/kleontas.com\/en\/iatros-thorakoxeirourgos-xeirourgos-thorakos-thorakoxeirourgiki\/%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%81%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF\/","title":{"rendered":"Pectus carinatum"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pectus carinatum\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Description<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Pectus carinatum or pigeon breast (pigeon chest) or pyramidal chest or horseshoe chest is a chest wall deformity characterised by an anterior (outward) projection of the sternum and adjacent lateral cartilage. The chondrogladiolar subtype is the most common and involves the protrusion of the sternal body and the xiphoid process. The chondromanubrial subtype involves the protrusion of the upper part of the sternum, i.e. the sternal grip, and presents as a single deformity or in combination with a depression of the xiphoid process. It is the second most common congenital deformity of the chest wall after pectus excavatum and occurs most frequently in the male sex. It usually first presents in early adolescence and the deformity is maximized during adolescent skeletal development.<\/p>

Carinoid sternum is mainly an aesthetic problem and is rarely accompanied by cardiorespiratory symptoms. It usually coexists with scoliosis. The main cause of carinoid sternum is unknown, but about 25% of patients have a positive family history of chest wall deformities and it is usually associated with other musculoskeletal or connective tissue diseases such as Marfan syndrome, Noonan syndrome (70-95%).<\/p>

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\"Pectus<\/span><\/p>

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Epidemiology<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Carinoid sternum is more common in males (male\/female 4:1). The prevalence rate of carinoid sternum is 0.6-0.7% in children aged 7-14 years.<\/p>

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Reason<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

The cause of congenital carinoid sternum is unknown, but in 25% of cases there is a genetic predisposition. Acquired carinoid sterno is usually due to postoperative complications after thoracic surgery, such as after surgical repair of scaphoid sternum.<\/span><\/p>

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Pathogenesis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

The pathogenesis of carinoid sternum may be associated with either overgrowth of the lateral cartilage or with the deepening of the lateral rib arches in the chondrogladiolar subtype of the presentation. Whereas in the chondromanubrial subtype the pathogenesis may be associated with abnormal ossification of the sternum (premature fusion and coalescence) resulting in protrusion of the sternal grip and upper lateral cartilage.<\/span><\/p>

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Clinical picture<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Symptoms usually appear during the sudden physical growth in adolescence. The most common are:<\/span><\/p>