{"id":3095,"date":"2024-01-02T15:00:06","date_gmt":"2024-01-02T15:00:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kleontas.com\/?page_id=3095"},"modified":"2024-02-11T17:37:49","modified_gmt":"2024-02-11T17:37:49","slug":"%cf%83%ce%ba%ce%b1%cf%86%ce%bf%ce%b5%ce%b9%ce%b4%ce%ad%cf%82-%cf%83%cf%84%ce%ad%cf%81%ce%bd%ce%bf","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"http:\/\/kleontas.com\/en\/iatros-thorakoxeirourgos-xeirourgos-thorakos-thorakoxeirourgiki\/%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%86%CE%BF%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%B4%CE%AD%CF%82-%CF%83%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%BF\/","title":{"rendered":"Scaphoid sternum"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Pectus excavatum\n<\/h4>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t
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Description<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Pectus excavatum (pectus excavatum) or chanoid chest or shoemaker's chest is a chest wall deformity characterised by posterior (inward) depression of the sternum and adjacent lateral cartilage. Scaphoid sternum is the most common congenital chest wall deformity and occurs more frequently in males. In addition to the aesthetic disorder, this deformity may exert pressure on the heart and lungs. In the majority of cases it occurs from the first year after birth, the rest during early adolescence. In infancy and childhood usually the deformity does not usually result in any symptomatology. During prepubertal and adolescent years, typically the deformity worsens due to rapid physical growth and cardiorespiratory symptoms such as dyspnoea and exercise intolerance occur. The main reason for the development of scaphoid sternum is unknown, but approximately 40% of patients have a positive family history of chest wall deformities and it is usually associated with other musculoskeletal or connective tissue diseases, such as scoliosis, Marfan syndrome, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and incomplete osteogenesis.<\/p>

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Epidemiology<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Scaphoid sternum is more common in males (male\/female 5:1). It occurs in 86% in the first year of life. The incidence is about 1 in 400 births.<\/span><\/p>

Reason<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

The cause of congenital scaphoid sternum is unknown.<\/span><\/p>

Acquired sternal scaphoid usually results from postoperative complications after thoracic surgery, such as after surgical repair of congenital diaphragmatic hernia (33% after repair of congenital, posterior diaphragmatic hernia.<\/span><\/p>

Pathogenesis<\/strong><\/span><\/p>

Scaphoid sternum may occur due to abnormal congestion of the diaphragm in the sternum and weakening of the lateral cartilage. Abnormalities of the lateral cartilages that have been found to be associated with their weakening include abnormal collagen solidification and distribution, perichondritis, areas of aseptic necrosis, decreased zinc concentration and increased magnesium and calcium concentration. This abnormal weakening of the lateral cartilage in the pleural joints results in posterior migration of the sternum. The development of dysmorphism brings about disturbances in the function of the respiratory muscles and exerts a compressive action on the heart and lungs resulting in:<\/span><\/p>